Report no. 450
Lars Egelund Olsen
02.12.1999
Commercial feed products for finishers: Truffle Feed Additive and Genex
Abstract
Two different industrial products for finishers in the weight
interval 28 to 100 kg were tested.
The industrial products were compared with a control mix. No
antibiotic growth promoter had been added to any of the mixes. The
trial was carried out in one herd, and 124 finishers were entered,
divided into 12 batches (repeats) per treatment.
The trial included the following treatments:
- Control feed without antibiotic growth promoter
- 0.5 g/tonne Truffle Feed Additive, Mycogenesis/Summa Investment
Corp.
- 1.0 g/tonne Truffle Feed Additive, Mycogenesis/Summa Investment
Corp.
- 2.0 g/tonne Truffle Feed Additive, Mycogenesis/Summa Investment
Corp.
- 2 kg/tonne Genex, Optivite
Mortality throughout the trial averaged 0.8 per cent. Culled pigs
due to disease averaged 1.9 per cent for the entire trial period
and the treatment rate for diarrhoea was 2.0 per cent.
The production value in DKK per pen place (28-100 kg) for each feed
mix was calculated on the basis of the production results obtained
at the same price per feed unit (FUp) for all feed mixes.
Altogether, the trial showed that addition of Truffle Feed Additive
or Genex to the feed resulted in a production value on the level of
the control group.
Background
New products are being marketed all the time, and it is desirable
to have their production value under Danish circumstances
illustrated. It is necessary to know the effect of the products on
production results to be able to assess the financial return.
The aim of carrying out tests of industrial products for finishers
is to provide documentation for the production value of the
products. The effect is measured primarily on production results,
daily gain, feed intake, feed conversion and lean meat percentage.
Secondarily, the effect is measured on number of treatments for
diseases.
Materials and methods
The trial was carried out at the experimental station "Grønhøj",
which is a conventional herd with its own production of weaners. In
all groups, 124 finishers were entered, divided into 12 blocks
(repeats).
The finisher units had a layout with fully slatted flooring and the
pens equally distributed on both sides of a centre corridor. Each
pen contained 10 to 11 pigs. Each pen had a dry feeder and a nipple
valve. The pigs were fed ad lib. Feed was given out manually once
or twice a day.
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Table 1. Trial design
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Group
|
Product & dose
|
Company
|
|
1
2
3
4
5
|
Control
0.5 g Truffle Feed Additive per tonne of feed
1.0 g Truffle Feed Additive per tonne of feed
2.0 g Truffle Feed Additive per tonne of feed
2.0 kg Genex per tonne of feed
|
-
Summa Investment Corp.
Summa Investment Corp.
Summa Investment Corp.
Optivite
|
All mixes were composed to make the amino acid content: lysine,
methionine, threonine and tryptophane 5 per cent above the current
standard to counteract fluctuations in the crude protein content of
the raw materials. The content of other nutrients in the feed
accorded with current standards (cf. Focus on standards for
nutrients, 6th edition 1998, The National Committee for Pig
Production). The raw material composition appears from appendix
1.
The feed was heat treated and pelleted at a temperature of at least
81 degrees Centigrade. All mixes were produced by Aarhusegnens
Andels Grovvareforening a.m.b.a. The raw material composition of
the individual feed mixes and a detailed description of the tested
products appear from appendices 1 and 3.
At each delivery of feed, all mixes were analysed for energy
content (EFOS), crude protein, amino acids, calcium, phosphorus and
copper. Furthermore, all mixes were screened for antibiotics. The
analytical results appear from appendix 2.
During the trial period, daily gain, feed intake, lean meat
percentage, treatments for diseases and mortality were recorded.
The effect was measured on the production value as the primary
parameter. The secondary parameters comprised treatments for
diseases, mortality and other slaughter data.
The production value (primary effect parameter) - expressed as
gross margin (GM)/pen place/year - was calculated on the basis of
the performance measured, adjusted to the same weight at entry and
the same slaughter weight. The calculation of feed consumption was
made on the basis of the analysed energy content (FUp) of the
mixes. GM/pen place/year was calculated as:
GM /pig | = | sales price - purchase price - feed costs - miscellaneous
costs | GM/pen
place/year | = | GM/pig x (365 days / feed days per pig) x housing
utilisation |
The other assumptions included in the calculation of GM were the
prices of the past 5 years (1 September 1994 until 1 September
1999), average price for 30 kg MS weaners (DKK 360 each +/- DKK
4.95/kg) and finishers (DKK 10.10/kg including corrective payment).
Miscellaneous costs: DKK 20/pig and housing utilisation: 95 per
cent. The same feed price, DKK 1.28/FUp, was used (average of the
past five years) for all groups.
Moreover, a calculation was made with the average prices for the
past five weeks (weeks 40 - 44, 1999): Price for 30 kg MS weaners
(DKK 309 each +/- DKK 4.24/kg) and finishers (DKK 8.61/kg including
corrective payment) and finisher feed: DKK 1.08/FUp.
The production value was analysed as a primary parameter.
Recordings of diseases were analysed as a secondary
parameter.
Data was analysed by a variance analysis in SAS under the GLM
procedure. Four paired comparisons were made (groups 2, 3, 4 and 5
against control group 1). Significant differences are stated at a 5
per cent level adjusted for the four paired comparisons by a
Bonferroni t-test. The results are shown as the adjusted average
for each group.
Results and discussion
Feed analyses
The chemical analyses of the feed are shown in appendix
2.
The feed analyses generally showed good correlation between the
analytical result and the calculated content of nutrients. However,
the analyses showed that all groups had a slightly lower content of
methionine and cystine than expected, but the deviation was,
however, within the legislative latitude.
In group 2, the analyses showed a copper content of 42 mg/kg, which
is above the calculated 20 mg/kg, but still within the legislative
latitude.
The screening analyses of the feed showed no presence of
antibiotics in any of the mixes.
Diseases
Mortality averaged 0.8 per cent for the entire trial period.
Pigs culled due to disease averaged 1.9 per cent for the entire
trial period and the treatment rate for diarrhoea was 2.0 per
cent.
Performance
Performance is stated both before and after intermediate
weighing and as a total for the entire trial period (table 2). The
average weight at entry, intermediate weighing and delivery was 28,
60 and 101 kg, respectively.
Table 2. Performance | Group
Product | 1
Control | 2
Truffle Feed Additive
0.5 g/tonne | 3
Truffle Feed Additive
1.0 g/tonne | 4
Truffle Feed Additive
2.0 g/tonne | 5
Genex | Blocks, number
Pigs entered, number | 12
124 | 12
124 | 12
124 | 12
124 | 12
124 | 28-60 kg
Daily feed intake, FUp
Daily gain, g
FUp per kg of gain |
1.85
771
2.40
|
1.87
770
2.43
|
1.83
744
2.47
|
1.86
778
2.39
|
1.84
761
.41
| 60-101 kg
Daily feed intake, FUp
Daily gain, g
FUp per kg of gain |
2.75
973
2.83
|
2.79
979
2.85
|
2.81
970
2.89
|
2.76
985
2.80
|
2.84
1003
2.83
| 28-101 kg
Daily feed intake, FUp
Daily gain, g
FUp per kg of gain
Lean meat percentage |
2.31
874
2.64
60.2
|
2.33
875
2.66
59.8
|
2.31
867
2.70
59.9
|
2.32
885
2.63
59.7
|
2.35
884
2.65
59.4
| All results are adjusted to the same weight at entry,
intermediate weighing and delivery. |
Based on the performance obtained, the production value was
calculated at the same price for all feed mixes. The statistical
analyses showed that adding Truffle Feed additive or Genex to the
feed gave a production value on the level of the control group.
There was found no linear or quadratic effect of adding Truffle
feed additive to the feed.
It can, however, not be excluded that testing an aroma product like
Truffle Feed additive on pigs kept in the same unit/section may
have an effect on the other pigs within the section.
The production value at current 5-week prices (weeks 40-44, 1999)
also appears from table 3. At calculation of the production value
at 5-week prices, the gross sales price of the products was added
to the control feed price. The price used appears from appendix 3
and was stated by the company.
Table 3. Production value at 5-year prices and 5-week prices,
respectively | Group
Product | 1
Control | 2
Truffle Feed
Additive
0.5 g/tonne | 3
Truffle Feed
Additive
1.0 g/tonne | 4
Truffle Feed
Additive
2.0 g/tonne | 5
Genex | Production value at 5-year prices:1
GM/pen place/year, DKK
Index |
706
100
|
687
97
|
667
94
|
710
101
|
690
98
| Production value at 5-week prices incl. price of
product:2
GM/pen place/year, DKK
Index |
595
100
|
575
97
|
557
94
|
588
99
|
³
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1) | The difference in production value must be at least DKK 56 per
pen place per year or at least 8 index points before the difference
is significant at paired comparison with the control group (group
1). | 2) | Nostatistical analysis was made of the differences in
productions value at 5-week prices. | 3) | The price on Genex have not been given. |
Altogether, the trial showed that there was no significantly
difference in the production value between the control group and
the groups where 0.5 g, 1.0 g, 2.0 g of Truffle Feed Additive were
added per tonne of feed or where 2.0 kg Genex had been added per
tonne of feed.
Participants
Tommy Nielsen, technician
Appendix 1
Raw material composition in per cent of finisher feed
Group
Mix/product | 1
Control | 2
Truffle Feed
Additive
0.5 g/tonne | 3
Truffle Feed
Additive
1.0 g/tonne | 4
Truffle Feed
Additive
2.0 g/tonne | 5
Genex | Barley | 36.63 | 36.63 | 36.63 | 36.63 | 36.55 | Wheat | 36.62 | 36.62 | 36.62 | 36.62 | 36.54 | Soybean meal, toasted | 19.86 | 19.86 | 19.86 | 19.86 | 19.82 | Molasses, beet | 2.00 | 2.00 | 2.00 | 2.00 | 2.00 | Animal fat | 1.48 | 1.48 | 1.48 | 1.48 | 1.48 | Dicalcium phosphate | 1.15 | 1.15 | 1.15 | 1.15 | 1.15 | Ground limestone | 0.74 | 0.74 | 0.74 | 0.74 | 0.74 | LKF -special 140821 | - | 0.50 | - | - | - | LKF -special 14103 2 | - | - | 0.50 | - | - | LKF -special 141043 | - | - | - | 0.50 | - | Genex | - | - | - | - | 0.20 | Wheat bran | 0.50 | - | - | - | 0.50 | Sodium chloride | 0.34 | 0.34 | 0.34 | 0.34 | 0.34 | L-lysine hydrochloride | 0.22 | 0.22 | 0.22 | 0.22 | 0.22 | Vitamin & mineral mix | 0.20 | 0.20 | 0.20 | 0.20 | 0.20 | DL-Methionine, 40% | 0.14 | 0.14 | 0.14 | 0.14 | 0.14 | L-Threonine, 50% | 0.12 | 0.12 | 0.12 | 0.12 | 0.12 |
1 | Premix consisting of 0.01 per cent of truffle aroma and 99.99
per cent of wheat tailings | 2 | Premix consisting of 0.02 per cent of truffle aroma and 99.98
per cent of wheat tailings | 3 | Premix consisting of 0.04 per cent of truffle aroma and 99.96
per cent of wheat tailings |
Appendix 2
Declared and analysed content of nutrients in the finisher feed
- three productions during the trial period
Group
Mix | | 1
Control | 2
Truffle Feed
Additive
0.5 g/tonne | 3
Truffle Feed
Additive
1.0 g/tonne | 4
Truffle Feed
Additive
2.0 g/tonne | 5
Genex | Calculated/analysed1 | Declared | Analysed | FUp per 100 kg 2 | 106 | 107 | 107 | 107 | 107 | 107 | Crude protein, % 2 | 16.7 | 16.9 | 17.0 | 16.9 | 16.9 | 17.0 | Lysine, g/kg | 9.4 | 9.7 | 9.8 | 9.6 | 9.5 | 10.0 | Methionine, g/kg | 3.0 | 2.8 | 2.8 | 2.8 | 2.9 | 2.9 | Meth. + cyst., g/kg | 6.1 | 5.6 | 5.8 | 5.8 | 6.0 | 5.8 | Threonine, g/kg | 6.4 | 6.4 | 6.4 | 6.3 | 6.5 | 6.5 | Calcium, g/kg | 7.4 | 8.0 | 8.0 | 7.9 | 7.5 | 8,0 | Total phosphorus, g/kg | 5.8 | 5.8 | 5.6 | 5.8 | 5.6 | 5.8 | Copper mg/kg | 29 | 35 | 42 | 32 | 32 | 27 | Screening for
antibiotics | - | Negative | Negative | Negative | Negative | Negative |
1 | Analysed content is stated on the basis of three analyses,
unless otherwise indicated. | 2 | Average of five analyses. |
Appendix 3 - Product description stated on the basis of company
data
Groups 2, 3, 4 | Product name | Truffle Feed Additive | Supplier
| Mycogenecis/ Summa Investment Corporation
10400 Academy Road NE
Suite 313
Albuquerque, New Mexico 87111
USA | | Phone: 001 - 505 292 4505; Fax: 001 - 505 292 4258 | Contents | Truffle aroma is a powder extracted from artificially grown
truffles. | Price | 0.66 US $ per gram corresponding to DKK 2.40, 4.80 or 9.60 per
tonne of feed when dosaged at 0.5, 1.0 or 2.0 g/tonn,
respectively. | | Group 5 | Product name: | Genex | Supplier:
| Optivite
Mainstreet
Laneham, Reteford
Notts DN22 ONA
United Kingdom
Phone: +44 1777 228 678; Fax: +44 - 1777 228 409 | Contents: | The product is a powder composed of several organic acids. | Price | The price has not been stated. |
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